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SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Abstract

Introduction: Intramural sports programs play an important role in promoting physical activity, social connection, and overall well-being among college students; however, participation rates on many campuses remain lower than desired. The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing student participation in intramural sports at Fort Hays State University and to identify strategies that may enhance engagement.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was utilized to collect data from currently enrolled students taking at least six credit hours. Participants were recruited through university communication channels, including course announcements and social media, and completed an online questionnaire assessing perceived barriers and motivators related to intramural involvement. The survey included items measuring common barriers such as time constraints, lack of awareness, scheduling conflicts, and perceived skill level, as well as motivators including social interaction, competition, stress relief, and incentives. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize trends in participation, while group comparisons were conducted to explore differences based on demographic and behavioral factors.

Results:  Descriptive statistics indicated that the strongest motivators for intramural participation were social interaction (M = 5.99/7), vicarious achievement (M = 5.91/7), physical skill (M = 5.79/7), and drama (M = 5.68/7), while barriers were rated lowest overall (M = 2.12/7). For general physical activity, enjoyment (M = 4.45/5), physical condition (M = 4.25/5), and affiliation (M = 4.22/5) were the highest-rated motives.

Independent samples t-tests revealed minimal differences between groups. A significant gender difference was found only for enjoyment, with women reporting higher scores than men (p < .05). Comparisons between intramural participants and non-participants showed two significant differences: non-participants reported higher motivation for appearance and others’ expectations (p < .05).

A one-way ANOVA indicated a significant effect of academic classification on perceived barriers (p < .05), with freshmen reporting the highest levels of barriers and juniors the lowest. Correlation analyses showed no statistically significant relationships between key motivational factors and participation outcomes, although physical skill approached significance (r = −.346, p = .084).

Discussion:

Intramurals are meant to be about building friendships, having fun, and enjoying competitive but close games in an inclusive environment, regardless of gender. The primary focus should remain on creating a positive and engaging experience where participants feel comfortable being themselves while staying active and connected with others. If the university wants to increase involvement from non-players, the solution is not to change the structure or competitiveness of the games themselves. Instead, the focus should be on addressing the barriers that keep students from participating in the first place.

In particular, efforts should be made to help freshmen feel less anxious about joining, as they are often still adjusting to a new environment and may feel intimidated by unfamiliar peers or skill levels. Additionally, non-players need to better understand that intramurals are designed to be a low-pressure environment where the emphasis is on participation, enjoyment, and social connection, not on being judged for appearance, experience, or athletic ability. By fostering a more welcoming and supportive atmosphere, universities can encourage broader participation without compromising the integrity or purpose of intramural sports.

Faculty Advisor

Justin Montney

Department/Program

Health and Human Performance

Submission Type

in-person poster

Date

4-13-2026

Rights

Copyright the Author(s)

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